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Google-Backed WeatherBill Protects Farmers From Extreme Weather

Google-Backed WeatherBill Protects Farmers From Extreme Weather

BY Ariel SchwartzWed Mar 2, 2011

Anyone who relies on consistent weather patterns for work is going to be hit hard by climate change-induced wacky weather. WeatherBill, a startup founded in 2006 by two ex-Google employees, aims to help one vulnerable population--farmers--cope with these changes. And now the startup has $42 million from Google Ventures, Khosla Ventures, and others to do it.
WeatherBill, which collected the cash in a Series B funding round, has a simple goal: to protect the $3 trillion global agriculture industry from bad weather through insurance products that pay out based on measured weather conditions, no claims processing required.
"WeatherBill is applying the use of our technology platform to become the first company to provide every farmer--from the developing world to the technologically sophisticated--with a simple and effective solution for removing weather-related risk from their financial profile, in order to support and ensure the sustainability of the global food supply," said David Friedberg, CEO and co-founder of WeatherBill, in a statement.
WeatherBill's insurance system (already available on the startup's site) works with help from local weather modeling and monitoring systems that hunt down adverse weather conditions on farmer's lands--and then pays out cash. Factors that influence the cost of insurance packages include historical observations, short-range forecasts, climate outlook models, and long-term trends. Then, if there is unexpected rain, drought, snow, heat, or cold, WeatherBill will pay out automatically.
If climate change continues to induce extreme weather patterns, WeatherBill's business will only continue to grow. And this company won't be the last of its kind--rest assured, well-funded startups that benefit from climate change will pop up in increasing numbers. Because there is a profit to be made from every crisis, right?

MIT Scientist Captures Son's First 90,000 Hours and First Words on Video, Graphs It

MIT Scientist Captures Son's First 90,000 Hours and First Words on Video, Graphs It

BY Anya KamenetzWed Mar 2, 2011

In a talk soon to grab several million views on TED.com, cognitive scientist Deb Roy Wednesday shared a remarkable experiment that hearkens back to an earlier era of science using brand-new technology. From the day he and his wife brought their son home five years ago, the family's every movement and word was captured and tracked with a series of fisheye lenses in every room in their house. The purpose was to understand how we learn language, in context, through the words we hear.

A combination of new software and human transcription called Blitzscribe allowed them to parse 200 terabytes of data to capture the emergence and refinement of specific words in Roy’s son’s vocabulary. (Luckily, the boy was an early talker.) In one 40-second clip, you can hear how “gaga” turned into “water” over the course of six months. In a video clip, below, you can hear and watch the evolution of "ball."

Unreal 3-D visualizations allowed his team to zoom through the house like a dollhouse and map the utterance of each word in its context.
In a landscape-like image with peaks and valleys, you can see that the word “water” was uttered most often in the kitchen, while “bye” took place at the door.
The video was processed to show "time worms," below, charting the family's movement from room to room.

Most moving of all was the precise mapping of tight feedback loops between the child and his caregivers—father, mother, nanny. For example, Roy was able to track the length of every sentence spoken to the child in which a particular word--like “water”--was included. Right around the time the child started to say the word, what Roy calls the “word birth,” something remarkable happened.
“Caregiver speech dipped to a minimum and slowly ascended back out in complexity.” In other words, when mom and dad and nanny first hear a child speaking a word, they unconsciously stress it by repeating it back to him all by itself or in very short sentences. Then as he gets the word, the sentences lengthen again. The infant shapes the caregivers’ behavior, the better to learn.
Roy is now taking the amazing research capability and team he’s developed and applying it to commerce. He’s on leave from MIT and has founded a VC-backed company called Bluefin Labs that applies these same high-powered analytics to relate, not the speech of a child to that of a father, but events broadcast on TV to conversations taking place in social media, the better to chart “engagement” with the State of the Union Address or Jersey Shore or a car commercial.
"After 15+ years of academia, I want to take some of my ideas out of the lab and into the world," Roy told Fast Company. "I also feel that the changes in the world of mass and social media provide a perfect environment for these ideas to have real impact (not just commercial, but also social), a opportunity that I feel compelled to seize."
The methods he's developed are still being applied to babies; some of his senior graduate students at MIT  continue to analyze the data, and he's designed PlayLamp, a less intrusive recording device currently being used in pilot studies of children at-risk of autism.

China Threatens Death Penalty for Food Safety Violations

China Threatens Death Penalty for Food Safety Violations

BY Jenara NerenbergToday

China is beefing up its food safety laws in light of melamine-tainted milk and other scandals, and the country is now considering the death penalty for such offenders.
The move isn't strictly about protecting public health--it's also about forcing domestic food producers to become more competitive against foreign imports. Over half of China's dairy products are now brought in from abroad, putting a dent in the local dairy industry. That’s up 10% in only the last three years--a trend the Chinese government would rather not see spread to other agricultural areas like meat or produce. As the middle class and its purchasing power continue to grow, there's less stopping the locals from spending a bit more for foreign imports they may perceive as safer.
"We will not only strengthen the work of different regulatory departments, but also eliminate loopholes in the regulations to improve supervision," said Zhang Yong, head of China's State Council Food Safety Commission.
The threat of capital punishment might do the trick of snapping local players back onto the scene, but reestablishing trust with the buying public may also require a rebranding of Chinese dairy products.

A Facebook for Patients: IBM's Medical Social Network Gets an Upgrade

A Facebook for Patients: IBM's Medical Social Network Gets an Upgrade

BY Jenara NerenbergToday

An expanded portal lets patients connect better with the right information--and with one another.

IBM has a long-standing commitment to health care and global health. This week the company revamped its "patient portal." Dubbed the IBM Patient Empowerment System, it now acts like a social network for participating patients.
Especially intriguing here is the interactive nature of the Patient Empowerment System--if a person has an urgent question about the interaction of two drugs, the system will cross check his or her medical records and background and warn yes or no to taking a particular medicine. It also allows patients to log in, update their profiles with prescription information, symptom complaints, blood pressure readings, and to find other patients struggling with similar illnesses or diseases. A patient can send a message to other patients and ask questions about certain medications or offer advice from personal experience.
"Most patients do not have the same access to information available to physicians, such as treatment updates or new warnings from the FDA," said Joseph Jasinski, IBM Research. "And physicians are not always privy to ongoing patient updates, such as eating habits or long-term monitoring of vital signs. These partial pictures limit the level of care that physicians can provide, as well as the care patients can provide for themselves. The IBM Patient Empowerment System merges these realms, bringing important data to both parties."

Other medical-focused social networks already exist; PatientsLikeMe is an independent online social network that connects patients based on disease affliction and the focus is on sharing the experience of what it's like to go through the particular illness--like a social support network.
The IBM system is different for its focus on institutional affiliations--hospitals sign up and integrate the portal into their office procedures.
"Today, patients want to be more involved in managing their clinical data, and are eager to discover relevant and useful medical information for their benefit," noted Dr. DongKyun Park from Gacheon University Gil Hospital in Korea, the pilot center of the new Patient Empowerment System.
If cities can do it, why not hospitals?
Follow Fast Company on Twitter.

Deep Inside the Frustrating World of Second-Tier Tablets: Flaws, Fights, Fails

Deep Inside the Frustrating World of Second-Tier Tablets: Flaws, Fights, Fails

BY Kit EatonWed Mar 2, 2011

As Apple reveals its next-gen iPad 2 (with the first edition still acting as the Moses of Tabletland) the high-profile makers of competing devices are squabbling, mis-stepping, or generally not delivering.
HP Says RIM is cloning its efforts
After its acquisition of ailing smartphone-maker Palm, the expectations were high that HP--with its long history of delivering quality computing products--could manipulate Palm's expertise into some sort of wondrous tablet. It's since revealed plans for the TouchPad which, though it's yet to arrive, has indeed stirred a deal of excitement. It does have its flaws--it's essentially a clone of Apple's iPad 1, up-specced to slightly beat Apple's initial tablet offering, with just one camera and what's rumored to be poorer battery life.
Now HP's in the news again, this time accusing RIM of outright copying in its own PlayBook tablet PC--which is also yet to arrive on sale. HP's Jon Oakes noted "uncanny similarities" between RIM's QNX-inspired UI for its tablet and HP's own updated webOS UI, before noting HP will energize itself and move on in a "fast innovation cycle" leaving RIM following "by about a year." Stern words, and all the more surprising for their public nature. RIM's rebuttal seems limited to mentioning parallel evolution and convergence of design--"cars over time end up looking a lot alike" because you optimize their shape for current tech and wind resistance.
RIM picks terrible date to launch the PlayBook
A leaked bit of info to website BGR.com suggests RIM will be taking its updated tablet OS to gold master status on March 31st, and that the Playbook will actually hit retailers shelves on April 10th. Quite apart from the fact that the first thing buyers may have to do is update their OS the moment they turn the Playbook on (to accommodate tweaks RIM makes in the interim 10 days) the timing is shocking. The iPad 2 was revealed yesterday, and will hit stores imminently--March 11th in the US and in 26 nations on March 25th. We can expect millions to sell almost instantly, and the device will vacuum-up all the limelight that RIM was going to shine on its tablet.
Motorola prices the Xoom into the stratosphere, LG follows
The Wall Street Journal was moved to comment on several articles about the suspected build cost of the Motorola Xoom tablet, which rocks in at over $30 more expensive than a similarly-specced Apple iPad 1. That 30 bucks is a trivial figure, you may think, but multiplied out over millions of units of sales it represents significant profit margin erosion. Motorola seems to be recovering the loss by pricing the Xoom pretty high--it's $600 on contract, $800 off in the U.S., leaked info puts the UK's 3G version at £600 ($980, though this does include tax) and suggestions from Germany hint at a €700 bracket ($970). Remember the iPad goes from $499 without 3G to $829 with 64GB of RAM and 3G.
Some of the "extra" cost in the Xoom comes from the inclusion of cameras ($14) and a screen that may cost $5 more than Apple's unit does. But this didn't deter Apple from including similar facilities in its iPad 2, and pricing the units at the same levels as the iPad 1's. Apple is probably taking a small hit on profits here, hoping to recover them with margins on accessories like the sleek new magnetic iPad 2 case.
But if that's the case, couldn't Motorola have pulled off a similar trick with the Xoom in order to establish some solid sales and stamp a good footprint into the tablet market? After all, the Xoom itself has earned a lot of buzz and compliments from the tech media, and technologically speaking, it looks to be one of the strongest challengers to the iPad. Meanwhile LG's much-vaunted Optimus Pad, an 8.9-inch Android Honeycomb unit with dual rear cams for 3G seems due to arrive in Europe for prices well over an equivalent of $1,000--LG is suffering the same issues as Motorola.
Samsung Galaxy Tab not meeting sales expectations
Samsung's Galaxy Tab, a 7-inch Android tablet was the first serious challenger to the iPad, arriving much later in 2010, but at first gathering some (seemingly) impressive sales.
Earlier this year Samsung was hit with claims the Galaxy Tab had a 16% return rate (up from pre-holiday figures of 13% in 2010), compared to a 2% return rate for the iPad--as quoted by Verizon, selling the Wi-Fi only version at the time. Samsung has since announced these figures aren't correct, quoting its return rate is also around 2%. But the firm also backtracked on earlier claims it had sold around 2 million units and admitted its sales to consumers had been "quite small," which suggested the Tab hadn't captured consumer imagination as much as the hype suggested it had.
Meanwhile Samsung's Galaxy Tab 2 was revealed a few weeks back, and it's a 10.1-inch screen Android Honeycomb-sporting unit with front-facing webcam and rear-facing 8-megapixel imaging unit. Samsung's kept mum on the price thus far, but with such high specs and large screen, the worry is that Samsung's actually overstepped the iPad, building something too large (especially now the iPad 2 is so much sleeker), and may have to price the Tab 2 10-inch in a very high bracket.
The upshot?
Apple may sail serenely through this mess for many months more, as its competitors seem to struggle to compete with the iPad's design, customer appeal, and pricing. We thought the most revolutionary thing about iPad 1 was its low price, and it seems we were pretty much dead on.... it's just that almost everything else about the iPad seems to have been revolutionary too.

Union bill whizzing through Ohio Legislature

Reuters – Union supporters (L-R) Nora Suder-Riley, Tiffany James and Merrin Richardson chant loudly during a rally …

• Slideshow:Ohioans protest Senate Bill 5

By ANN SANNER, Associated Press Ann Sanner, Associated Press – Thu Mar 3, 2:28 am ET

COLUMBUS, Ohio – While much of the nation's attention remains focused on a stalled proposal in Wisconsin to restrict collective bargaining rights for public workers, an Ohio measure that in some ways is tougher and broader is speeding toward reality.
A Senate panel and then the full chamber approved the Ohio measure Wednesday amid jeers from onlookers. The bill would restrict the collective bargaining rights of roughly 350,000 teachers, firefighters, police officers and other public employees, while Wisconsin's would affect about 175,000 workers and exempt police and firefighters.
[Related: Largest labor unions in the U.S.]
"For as far-reaching this thing is and how many lives it will affect, I can't believe how fast it moved," said Columbus Police Sgt. Shaun Laird, who wanted lawmakers to spend more time debating the changes.
Wisconsin's bill remains in limbo after Democrats hightailed it for the Illinois border on the day the Senate was to adopt the bill. Their absence left the chamber one member short of the quorum needed for a vote.
[Related: What is a labor union?]
In contrast, the Ohio bill could go as early as next week to House committee hearings. Republicans hold a 59-40 majority in the House, where the measure is likely to receive strong support.
Ohio Gov. John Kasich, a Republican like his Wisconsin counterpart, Scott Walker, praised the development. Both have pushed the collective bargaining bills as part of budget-balancing measures.
"This is a major step forward in correcting the imbalance between taxpayers and the government unions that work for them," Kasich said.
The differences and similarities between the two proposals are many and nuanced, especially because lawmakers continue to debate and insert or subtract individual proposals. But to critics, at least one thing is clear: Both bills are meant to weaken the role of the unions.
"From the perspective of unions, both bills are punitive and would severely restrict what they have traditionally bargained over and what they have done as organizations," said Harley Shaiken, a professor at the University of California at Berkley who specializes in labor issues.
[Related: What is a right-to-work law?]
The Ohio bill would ban strikes by public workers and establish penalties for those who do participate in walkouts. State workers in Wisconsin are already prohibited from striking.
Unionized workers in Ohio could negotiate wages, hours and certain work conditions — but not health care, sick time or pension benefits. The measure would do away with automatic pay raises, and base future wage increases on merit.
Wisconsin's measure would forbid most government workers from collectively bargaining except over wage increases that aren't beyond the rate of inflation. Police and firefighters would be exempt.
Both states' capitols have been mobbed by protesters, Ohio's not as intensively as the two-week-long siege in Wisconsin. Protesters in Ohio were fewer Wednesday during the marquee vote in the Senate than they were the day before, when 8,500 demonstrators gathered inside and out.
"Shame!" firefighters and teachers shouted in the Senate chamber as the measure squeaked through on a 17-16 vote.
Standing in the rotunda afterward, Columbus firefighter Terry Marsh said he understood the Legislature's need to look for ways to save on costs and examine collective bargaining.
"But to ram something through within a few weeks is irresponsible, and to blame the budget woes of the state on the workers is a downright travesty," he said.
Ohio's legislation would also set up a new process to settle worker disputes, giving elected officials the final say in contract disagreements. Binding arbitration, which police officers and firefighters use to resolve contract disputes as an alternative to strikes, would be eliminated.
Republican Sens. Tim Grendell of Chesterland and Bill Seitz of Cincinnati spoke out against the new proposed way to resolve disputes. Grendell said the process would turn workers into beggars before city councils and other officials who oversee them.
"No one can be a judge and advocate in their own cause," Seitz said. "That's called 'heads I win, tails you lose.'"
Seitz had expressed disappointment in the bill and was removed from the panel by its leaders, a move that secured the votes needed to get the legislation before the full Senate.
Anthony Caldwell, spokesman for the Service Employees International Union, District 1199, said the union's focus will now turn to the House. Members there serve shorter terms and may be more vulnerable to repercussions at the ballot box than senators, he said.
"We hope that the members of the House will understand the valuable role working families play in their districts," he said. "The House is a two-year body. Whatever happens, people are going to remember that. This isn't just about union issues, this is about working people."

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Ideal for the measurement of flow, density and temperature of liquids and slurries, such as aggressive or contaminated, sanitary or particle-filled fluids. Features: Flow ranges from 60 to 60K Kg/Hr (2.2 to 1650 lb/min) Accuracy up to 0.25% of reading Materials: flow tubes - 316 L, splitter flanges - 316 Ti, housing - cast iron Process temperature -40°F to 356°F Ambient temperature -40°F to 140°F Wide flow ranges ACCURATE AND RELIABLEThis meter has the ability to maintain high accuracy, despite changing viscosity conditions, with accuracy of +0.25% of reading. EASY CLEANING The ACM series has smooth stainless steel tubes and no moving parts, and is therefore very easy to flush and clean. MULTI-TASKING The ACM series of mass coriolis flow meters measure flow, density and temperature. MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY Because of the meter's 316 stainless steel flow tubes, the ACM series can measure a wide range of materials. VARIETY OF ELECTRONICS Electronics available for the ACM series include a local, hazardous rated display and a remote, panel-mount digital display

Egyptian government 'on last legs', says ElBaradei

Mohamed ElBaradei says Egypt is being isolated by a regime on its last legs. Photograph: Lefteris Pitarakis/AP

The Egyptian dissident Mohamed ElBaradei warned President Hosni Mubarak today that his regime is on its last legs, as tens of thousands of people prepared to take to the streets for a fourth day of anti-government protests.

The Nobel peace prize winner's comments to the Guardian represented his strongest intervention against the country's authoritarian government since he announced his intention to return to Egypt to join the protests. "I'm sending a message to the Guardian and to the world that Egypt is being isolated by a regime on its last legs," he said.

His words marked an escalation of the language he used on arrival in Cairo last night, when he merely urged the Mubarak government to "listen to the people" and not to use violence.

ElBaradei has been criticised by some Egyptians for the late return to his homeland, two days after the protests began – hundreds of people have already been arrested and exposed to the brutal tactics of the security services. But ElBaradei was keen to stress his solidarity with the protesters.
"There is of course a risk to my safety today, but it's a risk worth taking when you see your country in such a state you have to take risks," he said. "I will be with the people today."

In an apparent bid to scupper the protests, the Egyptian authorities have cut off almost all access to the internet from inside and outside the country. ElBaradei said the move was proof the government was in "a state of panic".

"Egypt today is in a pre-information age," he said. "The Egyptians are in solitary confinement – that's how unstable and uncomfortable the regime is. Being able to communicate is the first of our human rights and it's being taken away from us. I haven't seen this in any other country before."
He said the lack of communications could hamper organisation of the demonstrations, planned to begin after Friday prayers. "I don't know what my hopes are for today," he said. "It would be hard with the communications cut off but I think a lot of people will be turning out." Organisers of the marches – dubbed "the Friday of anger and freedom" – are defying a government ban on protests issued on Wednesday. They have been using social media to co-ordinate plans, and hope to rally even more than the tens of thousands who turned out on Tuesday in the biggest protests since 1977.

ElBaradei has already criticised the US secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, for describing the Egyptian government as stable and he stepped up his calls for the rest of the world to explicitly condemn Mubarak, who is a close ally of the US.

"The international community must understand we are being denied every human right day by day," he said. "Egypt today is one big prison. If the international community does not speak out it will have a lot of implications. We are fighting for universal values here. If the west is not going to speak out now, then when?"

Australian Open 2011: Andy Murray v David Ferrer – live!

Andy Murray returns to David Ferrer during the semi-final of the Australian Open in Melbourne. Photograph: Cameron Spencer/Getty Images

Third set: Andy Murray* 4-6, 7-6, 4-1 David Ferrer Murray really has been coming forwards so much more in the last set and a half. I see on Twitter my colleague Lawrence Donegan says that ESPN's coverage in the US just showed a graphic pointing out that he has been playing twice as many shots from inside the baseline as he had in the first set. Smart. He holds here with ease. "Re: Guy Hornsby comparing Andy Murray to Paul Collingwood," begins an angry Jonathan Taylor. "How. Very. Dare You. He's much more like Stuart Broad - a class performer but with an on-field petulance that makes him difficult to really love (unlike the walking man-crush that is Colly). Also, like Broad, Murray is young, British and talented, which means he's alternately over-hyped and over-criticised by the fickle UK sports press (present company excepted etc)."

Third set: Andy Murray 4-6, 7-6, 3-1 David Ferrer* Is this match turning? Suddenly Murray seems to have the better of Ferrer, dominating the rallies as he continues to steam up the court at every opportunity. Consecutive passing shots down the right tramline bring up 0-40, and while Ferrer rescues the first break point, he cannot repeat the trick driving into the net to give Murray the break.

Third set: Andy Murray* 4-6, 7-6, 2-1 David Ferrer Ferrer's eyes are like saucers as he sizes up his opportunity for an early break at 30-40, but his two-handed backhand is crashed into bottom of the net cord. Ferrer quickly brings up another break point but Murray finds an ace when he needs it - slamming a flat serve down the middle of the court. Two points later, a similar serve seals the game - albeit not an ace on this occasion. Even though it has been inconsistent, Murray will still have his serve to thank if he comes through this match.

Third set: Andy Murray 4-6, 7-6, 1-1 David Ferrer* The commentator on the BBC has got himself in a muddle, suggesting that Murray takes 45-minute ice baths after matches, then reducing his verdict to 45-second ice baths, before settling on 15-minute ice baths. In the Times this morning Judy Murray said they were usually either 10 minutes, or broken down into five two-minute sessions with a jump in the warm bath in-between each. So now you know. Ferrer holds to love. Chris Dunbar suggests an oldie but a goodie for possible text sledging: "Your mother was a hamster and your father smelt of elderberries," he chortles.

Third set: Andy Murray* 4-6, 7-6, 1-0 David Ferrer The crowd are entertained by a pair of dive-bombing seagulls, but after dropping the first point of the new set Murray simply glares at the birds with a fury that suggests he might like to dispatch them in the same way his brother did (accidentally) a sparrow with one errant shot during practice last week. Eventually the birds depart but Murray recovers his composure to hold to 30.

Andy Murray wins the second set 7-6 (7-2) Ferrer is able to save one more set point, but in the end he succumbs to the inevitable. Murray certainly isn't making it easy for himself, and there is some concern over a possible injury after he clutched at his left leg a few times in that set, but he's right back in the match.

Second-set tie-break: Murray* 6-1 Ferrer An ace from Murray gives him six set points but he fails to take the first ...

Second-set tie-break Murray 5-0 Ferrer* He can't mess it up now, can he? Murray takes advantage of a poor dropshot from Ferrer and then the Spaniard's mistake puts him even further in control.

Second-set tie-break Murray* 3-0 Ferrer It will mean something if Murray can keep delivering serves like this. The first is unreturnable, and though Ferrer gets the second one back he slaps a forehand wide after a short rally.

Second-set tie-break Murray 1-0 Ferrer* Murray seizes the first mini-break after a long rally. Might not mean so much the way this match has gone.

Second set: David Ferrer leads Andy Murray* 6-4, 6-6 Another fantastic rally at 30-15, and Murray seemed to have Ferrer right where he wanted him as he drove up the court and towards the net. But when the moment came for the decisive shot, Murray chose the wrong option, Ferrer anticipating his crosscourt shot and unleashing the perfect risposte, a breathtaking pass from behind the baseline. Reinvigorated by this opportunity, he earns a breakpoint with a fine smash, then Murray plays into the tramlines to bring up the tie-break.

Second set: David Ferrer* leads Andy Murray 6-4, 5-6 Huge, huge breakthrough for Murray. There was a sense that Ferrer was in trouble when his challenge failed to change the outcome of a wide forehand that made it 0-30, and even though he brought it back to 30-all the Spaniard never looked quite settled. Murray has used the dropshot only very sparingly so far, but he deploys it impeccably at 30-40, Ferrer dashing forwards to reach the shot by the left-hand tramlines but unable to clear the net. My Spanish is not great, but Ferrer definitely said several bad words very loudly as he went to sit down. "This is very frustrating," writes Guy Hornsby. "Murray's just been error-strewn, every time he gets a lead he throws it away. It's not the Murray we've seen so far, and it's all because his first serve needs to fire. I love Murray - he's a fighter, nuggety, like a lithe Colly with a tennis racket - but he can be agonising to watch sometimes. Come on, sort it out Andy."

Second set: David Ferrer leads Andy Murray* 6-4, 5-5 The body language may have improved, but Murray just keeps on making errors, finding the middle of the net once again from the baseline to make it 30-30 before driving a backhand half-volley just long after this time being put under pressure by a fantastic Ferrer return to the middle of the baseline. His serve comes to the rescue, though, bringing the game to deuce and giving him the advantage before Ferrer plays wide.

Second set: David Ferrer* leads Andy Murray 6-4, 5-4 It might not look like it on the scoreboard as Ferrer holds to love, but Murray continues to look far more lively than he was in the early part of this set. He comes thundering across the court to oh-so-nearly rescue the point at 30-0, flicking a backhand half-volley down the line but just wide. As soon as the game ends he calls for someone to take several of his rackets (about four - still fresh in plastic bags) to be restrung. Big game coming up - last time he had to serve to stay in a set it didn't go so well ...

Second set: David Ferrer leads Andy Murray* 6-4, 4-4 Better stuff again from Murray, who holds to 15. "Points should be deducted for grunting," grumbles Ian Copestake. "Or to balance things up Murray should be given the freedom to sledge or send abusive texts to his opponent during the break." I like it. Anyone got (clean) suggestions for what Murray could text Ferrer?

Second set: David Ferrer* leads Andy Murray 6-4, 4-3 A beautiful, beautiful point from Ferrer to open the game, dragging his opponent this way and that before killing the point with an immaculate overhead, but Murray responds with an equally glorious backhand volley drop-shot, dug out from around his knees as he attacked the net. He forces deuce with another backhand volley - less impressive but not entirely dissimilar to the first. Ferrer clings on, after Murray is unable to tame Ferrer's passing crosscourt shot, but there was definitely a spring in the Brit's step again there. He looks to have shaken out of his funk.

Second set: David Ferrer leads Andy Murray* 6-4, 3-3 Where he seemed so confident that Ferrer would dispatch that smash in the last game, Murray approaches his own one at 15-15 here with no belief whatsoever, tapping down a feeble effort that Ferrer blasts back at him. Murray's reflexes are not sharp enough to return the favour. He slips to 15-40 behind before finally rediscovering his first serve, thrashing down two unreturnable deliveries in succession to force deuce. A netted backhand gifts Ferrer another break point, but Murray rescues it, and in the end it is Murray's serve that rescues him, a string of booming efforts setting him up to hold serve on his second advantage.

Second set: David Ferrer* leads Andy Murray 6-4, 3-2 What doesn't bode well for Murray at the moment is that he just looks tired early in this set. Ferrer is springing around the baseline like a Jack Russell on heat whereas his opponent is all drooped shoulders and resigned looks. When Ferrer lines up a smash at the net, Murray simply drops his arm, giving up before the shot is even hit the remotest possibility that he might be able to return it. Ferrer holds to love. Murray has words for the umpire during the interval, though I wasn't able to make them out.

Second set: David Ferrer leads Andy Murray* 6-4, 2-2 Much, much better from Murray, who brings up 40-0 with a devastating forehand down the line before eventually holding to 15. The serve is still not firing as consistently as he would like, though.

Second set: David Ferrer* leads Andy Murray 6-4, 2-1 Murray wastes a challenge at 15-30, his second of the match, calling for a review of a Ferrer serve that had landed dead on the line. Ferrer holds without dropping another point. "I'm concerned," writes Luke Remsbery. "If the picture at the top of the game-by-game is to be believed, that you've not so much been eating pea and ham soup (see preamble) as a combination of green highlighters and the radioactive waste from the opening credits of the Simpsons." Potayto, potahto.

Second set: David Ferrer leads Andy Murray* 6-4, 1-1 Erm, haven't we seen this one before? Just like last set, Murray allows Ferrer to break back immediately. He actually rescued two break points after falling 0-40 behind but then played into the net to undo all his good work. He really hasn't got his first serve going yet and that's a big problem - Ferrer is attacking his second with gusto.

Second set: David Ferrer* leads Andy Murray 6-4, 0-1 After the customary break both players resume looking more than a little ragged after their first-set exertions. Without playing especially well - one fine volley at 40-30 aside - Murray forces deuce. He blows his first advantage, but gives himself a second break point by again attacking the net after driving Ferrer away to the right of the court. And Ferrer promptly gifts him the game with a forehand into the tramlines. "Tucking into a sausage roll," tweets Jamie Murray. While your brother struggles, Jamie? How could you eat a time like this?

David Ferrer wins the first set 6-4 After wasting those break points Murray seems to lose focus a little, and it is a very ragged forehand indeed that sails long to bring up 0-30. There's nothing like a 37-shot rally to sharpen the senses, though, especially when Murray is able to finish it with a delightful passing shot after Ferrer seemed to have given him too much to do with a half-court forehand. Nevertheless, the Spaniard gets his break point at 30-40 and after a short rally Murray sends another backhand wide. That's only the second set Murray has dropped so far in this tournament.

First set: Andy Murray 4-5 David Ferrer* An absolutely preposterous, wonderful, rally at 15-30: I counted at least 6,047 shots (the official stats show 40, pah) before Ferrer finally succumbs and knocks a forehand into the net. That's more like what we were expecting. Murray fails to seize either of his two break points though, and Ferrer eventually holds after deuce. "In a match as tight as this, it's hard to know if Murray is Scottish or British," honks Gary Naylor. Don't be silly Gary, this is definitely Britain's Andy Murray. After all, Scotland's Andy Murray never lasts as far as the semi-finals.

First set: Andy Murray* 4-4 David Ferrer And now Ferrer has broken straight back. With both players so inclined towards a defensive game, it always seemed possible that this match could come down to which player showed the greater patience - staying in rallies and waiting for their opponent to make errors. But so far we haven't even had that many long rallies to be honest - the errors on both sides are happening with far too great a regularity. Murray digs himself into a hole with a backhand into the net to bring up 15-30, and Ferrer smells blood. Moving aggressively up the court he forces Murray into a series of impressive defensive backhands before dispatching an attempted lob with a perfect overhead. On break point we do get that rally at last, a series of fizzing groundstrokes that see both players scampering back and forth behind their baselines, but eventually it is Ferrer who manages to step up the court and deliver a stinging cross-court forehand which Murray can't quite reach.

First set: Andy Murray 4-3 David Ferrer* The unforced errors continue for Murray - he is getting himself into rallies nicely but too often when he looks for the winner things go awry. At 15-0 he has Ferrer on his heels after a belted cross-court backhand but then with the whole court to aim at slaps his next shot long. Still, he forces his way back to 30-all and then to deuce when Ferrer whips a forehand into the tramlines. Suddenly the Spaniard is the one making the mistakes, wasting a first advantage before driving a forehand long to give Murray his first break point. And Ferrer promptly hands him the game by knocking a backhand wide!

First set: Andy Murray* 3-3 David Ferrer Ferrer does have quite a disconcerting grunt at times. Every time he gets stuck into a proper rally he starts emitting this noise after each shot which sounds a bit like an out-of-breath elderly northern man shouting "eh?" Murray still isn't giving him too many chances to get into rallies on his serve, though, and seals this game to 15 with another wicked effort straight down the middle of the court.

First set: Andy Murray 2-3 David Ferrer* "Andy!" shouts, erm, Andy, as his first attempted drop-shot of the match plops gently into the net. He thought for a moment he might have unsettled Ferrer with a fizzing cross-court forehand to go 0-15 up, but the Spaniard doesn't give him another sniff. Murray is not helping himself mind - he now has nine unforced errors already in this match.

First set: Andy Murray* 2-2 David Ferrer Ferrer still has nothing on Murray in the service department, of course, and the Brit summons up the first ace of the match here with a 130mph exocet straight down the middle of the court. In fact, on both occasions that Ferrer does get the ball back over the net in this game, he wins the point. But that is as many times as he can do so.

First set: Andy Murray 1-2 David Ferrer* Ferrer has been derided for his weak serve at times, but over the last year has worked hard to inject more pace. You can see the difference here as he fizzes them down with pace on first- and second-serve here, and the only point dropped this time around comes from a double fault.

First set: Andy Murray* 1-1 David Ferrer Murray glares angrily at the umpire after his first serve, a vicious wide slice, fizzes past Ferrer for an ace, only to then be called as a let. No matter - Ferrer manages to get his second attempt back, but his return is feeble and Murray dispatches it with a two-handed backhand. Two points later, at 30-15 we get what is surely a taste of things to come, as the pair share a long rally from the back of the court, before Murray finally makes his attack, forcing his way up the court and sealing the point with a right-to-left forehand. He holds to 15.

First set: Andy Murray 0-1 David Ferrer* Nightmare! Disaster! The grand slam dream is falling apart! Ferrer holds his opening service game to 15, sealing the game with a straightforward passing shot down the line after he had sold Murray on the cross-court forehand.

Jamie Murray tweets ... "Watching tennis on bbc iplayer before going to practice...come on andy".

Predictions ... "I reckon Murray will scrape through a five-setter with Ferrer and then be annihilated in the final," writes Martin Hutchings. I too reckon Murray will win in the end, but I'll say he does it in four sets.

Bah Ferrer's outfit just a black shirt and shorts combo with yellow detail down the sides. Perhaps just a really over-ripe banana?

The players are out on court Ferrer wins the coin toss, and will serve first, but for now they're just knocking up. Murray is in a natty pea-and-ham-soup-green shirt and black shorts. Ferrer could be playing in a giant banana outfit for all I know - the Beeb's cameras have been fixed so firmly on Murray so far it's hard to know if there's actually anyone else playing.

On the subject of surfaces While all three of Ferrer's wins against Murray have come on clay, both of the Brit's wins have come on hard courts - and both times in straight sets. Most notably, Murray beat Ferrer 6-2, 6-2 at the ATP World Tour Finals last November. He is, undoubtedly, a better hard court player than Ferrer. But the one asterisk here is that the surface used here at the Australian Open - Plexicushion Prestige - is slower than a lot of other hard courts. That will suit the Spaniard.

Well this is a waste of time isn't it? I mean, now that Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal are both out, the remaining matches are just a formality - Andy Murray is going to win the Australian Open. Right? Right?

If that's what you might think after seeing some of the coverage in Britain over the last few days then the reality is of course very different. Novak Djokovic, through to the final after beating Roger Federer yesterday, is two places above Murray in the world rankings and has beaten in four out of seven meetings.
Today's opponent, David Ferrer, might be two places lower at No7 in the rankings, but he too has beaten Murray more often (three times) than he has lost to him (twice). Now, that statistic does need qualifying, because so far all three of Ferrer's wins have come on clay - and it is no secret that that is the Spaniard's preferred surface.
But Ferrer is no slouch on hard courts either - four of his 10 ATP singles titles have been won on such a surface, including the one he claimed in Auckland just two short weeks ago. After a straight-sets win over Rafael Nadal in the last round, his confidence is sky high. All in all, there's every reason to believe this match should be a belter

Palestine papers: Erekat asks US, UK and France for help to find leaker

Effigies with Israeli flags and images of Mahmoud Abbas are burned in a Hamas-led protest in Gaza. Photograph: Eyad Baba/AP

A senior Palestinian official today said he has asked the US, Britain and France to help bring three of their nationals for questioning about the huge leak of confidential documents relating to peace talks in the Middle East.

Chief negotiator Saeb Erekat said the three include a former British intelligence officer, a US employee of al-Jazeera TV and a French citizen. He said he is not accusing them of wrongdoing, but would like them to appear before an investigative committee.

Al-Jazeera this week published excerpts from what it said is a cache of hundreds of documents covering a decade of Israeli-Palestinian negotiations. The Qatar-based Arab satellite station, widely watched in the Arab world, alleges that the Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas, secretly made major concessions to Israel.

Abbas and his aides say they are victims of a smear campaign.

The leaks have intensified the bitter rivalry between Abbas and Hamas, the Islamic militant group which wrested the Gaza Strip from the Palestinian president in a violent takeover in 2007.

Yesterday, thousands marched in Gaza in Hamas-led protests, accusing Abbas of being a traitor and burning him in effigy.
Today, hundreds rallied in Gaza City, burning a photo of Abbas and raising a large picture of al-Jazeera's benefactor, the emir of Qatar.
Salah Bardawil, a Hamas legislator, told the crowd that "those traitors and anyone who is thinking of compromising any of our rights" should be put on trial.

In the West Bank, several thousand Fatah supporters chanted slogans against al-Jazeera and in support of Abbas. They also burned photos of two senior Hamas leaders.

Erekat, who frequently meets with Israeli and US officials, features in many of the documents. Palestinian officials have said they believe the documents were leaked by someone in a department he heads, the negotiations support unit.
Erekat told the Associated Press today that the investigation into the leaks is still continuing.
Erekat said he has tried to contact the US citizen, but to no avail. "I am not accusing him of anything. We want to investigate him," he said, adding that he had contacted US diplomats for assistance.
Al-Jazeera officials have been unavailable for comment throughout the week. The French national declined comment when contacted by AP, and the former British intelligence officer said he might discuss the issue at a later time.
Many of the leaked documents detail 2008 negotiations between Abbas and Israel's leader at the time, Ehud Olmert. Those talks were cut short by Israel's three-week war on Hamas-ruled Gaza, launched in late 2008, and mounting corruption allegations against Olmert that eventually forced him out of office.

Hosni Mubarak resigns – and Egypt celebrates a new dawn

Mubarak's resignation prompted celebrations in Tahrir Square in Cairo. Photograph: Suhaib Salem/Reuters

When it finally came, the end was swift. After 18 days of mass protest, it took just over 30 seconds for Egypt's vice-president, Omar Suleiman, to announce that President Hosni Mubarak was standing down and handing power to the military.

"In the name of Allah the most gracious the most merciful," Suleiman read. "My fellow citizens, in the difficult circumstances our country is experiencing, President Muhammad Hosni Mubarak has decided to give up the office of the president of the republic and instructed the supreme council of the armed forces to manage the affairs of the country. May God guide our steps."
Moments later a deafening roar swept central Cairo. Protesters fell to their knees and prayed, wept and chanted. Hundreds of thousands of people packed into Tahrir Square, the centre of the demonstrations, waving flags, holding up hastily written signs declaring victory, and embracing soldiers.
"We have brought down the regime, we have brought down the regime," chanted the crowd.
Mohammed Abdul Ghedi, a lifeguard who had come from the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh, to which the ex-president and his family flew yesterday, held up a sign in English saying: "Mubarak you are nothing, you are heartless, without mind, just youkel, worthless, fuck off."
"This is my first day here, and he is gone. Mubarak is a liar. When he promised to leave in three or six months we don't believe him. We only believe him when he is gone," he said. "Now Egyptians are free. All of Egypt is liberated. Now we will choose our leaders, and if we don't like them, they will go."
Another protester, Karim Medhat Ennarah, said with tears in his eyes: "For 18 days we have withstood teargas, rubber bullets, live ammunition, Molotov cocktails, thugs on horseback, the scepticism and fear of our loved ones, and the worst sort of ambivalence from an international community that claims to care about democracy.
"But we held our ground. We did it."
There were similar celebrations from Alexandria to Suez, among protesters who were often too young to have known any other leader than Mubarak.
While the demonstrators were giving little immediate thought to what military rule might mean, some of the protest organisers said the success of the street turnouts meant that any future administration would be held to account.
For now, Egypt will be governed by a military council led by the defence minister, Field Marshal Mohammed Hussein Tantawi, who is not a known reformer.
But the military council said it would not act as a substitute for a "legitimate" government. A spokesman said on TV that the armed forces would be announcing steps and arrangements to introduce the changes Egyptians wanted. He also praised Mubarak for his contribution to the country.
Mohamed ElBaradei, who on Thursday called for a military takeover, described the change as the liberation of the Egyptian people. "We have a lot of daunting tasks ahead of us. Our priority to make sure the country is restored; socially cohesive, economically vibrant, politically democratic," he said. "My message to the Egyptian people is, you have gained your liberty, the right to catch up with the rest of the world. Make the best use of it."
US president Barack Obama, who had supported Mubarak remaining in power until a stable transitional administration was in place, called on the new military leaders to take concrete steps towards democratic change.
"The military has served patriotically and responsibly as a caretaker to the state and will now have to ensure a transition that is credible in the eyes of the Egyptian people. That means protecting the rights of Egypt's citizens, lifting the emergency law, revising the constitution and other laws to make this change irreversible, and laying out a clear path to elections that are fair and free," he said.
The US defence secretary, Robert Gates, has been in regular contact with Tantawi and spoke to him hours before the military takeover.
In Britain, David Cameron called on the new administration to ensure a move to civilian and democratic rule. The EU foreign policy chief, Lady Ashton, said: "It is important now that the dialogue is accelerated leading to a broad-based government which will respect the aspirations of, and deliver stability for, the Egyptian people."
Switzerland immediately froze the assets of the former president.
Mubarak's resignation came after a turbulent 24 hours in which a televised address to the nation that was intended to defuse the crisis only further infuriated the protesters and prompted the largest demonstrations to date.
On Thursday evening, after a day in which members of the president's party and cabinet said they expected him to resign, Mubarak announced that he was handing his powers to Suleiman. That in effect left Mubarak as president in name only, a move he appears to have believed would be enough to satisfy the protesters' demands for his resignation.
But on the streets of Cairo the announcement was interpreted as the regime's leaders shuffling authority among themselves, and the crisis deepened.
The army appears to have expected more from him, possibly including his complete resignation or the transfer of powers to the military, not Suleiman. Clearly alarmed at the popular reaction, it sought to reassure the protesters with a declaration that the promise of free elections would be fulfilled. But that too failed to ease the demonstrations, as many in the opposition saw the statement as backing the status quo, although it could also be read as offering an assurance to Egyptians that the military was prepared to ensure Mubarak stood by his commitments.
As the protests built up during the day, a determined crowd marched on the state television building, a target of particular ire because of its stream of propaganda and false accusations against the protesters.
The station all but went off air as it was obliged to cancel live programmes because it could not get guests into the building. Several hours later the station was conducting interviews again – with protesters and victims of the regime.
The protesters fanned out to other parts of the city and began a march on Mubarak's presidential palace. Meanwhile, the military's supreme council held an emergency session to decide how to clearly confront the crisis, and concluded that Mubarak had to go once and for all.
By lunchtime he was on a plane with his family to Sharm el-Sheikh, where he also has a palace which he periodically lends to Tony Blair.
A few hours later came the announcement that had Egypt celebrating in to the night.

Julian Assange's lawyer makes graphic defence during extradition hearing

Julian Assange outside court after his lawyer had made a graphic defence during his extraditon hearing. Photograph: Matt Dunham/AP

The accusation of sexual assault made against Julian Assange by one of his two alleged Swedish victims describes "the missionary position", his lawyer said in court , as he denied such an attack took place.

Geoffrey Robertson QC told the extradition hearing, at Belmarsh magistrate's court in south London, that any resistance had been "unarticulated" on the part of Miss A, who has accused the WikiLeaks founder of ripping off her clothes, snapping a necklace, pinning her down and trying to force himself on her without wearing a condom.

"In so far as Mr Assange held her arms and there was a forceful spreading of her legs, there's no allegation that this was without her consent," he said.
"Sexual encounters have their ups and downs, their ebbs and flows. What may be unwanted one moment can with further empathy become desired. These complex human interactions are not criminal in this country."
The argument that Assange used the weight of his body to pin her down "describes what is usually termed the missionary position," he said.

Sweden is seeking Assange's extradition in relation to the allegations of rape, sexual assault and sexual molestation by the two women. The second woman, Miss B, accuses Assange of having sex with her while she was sleeping, which amounts to an allegation of rape.

Assange denies all the allegations, and is fighting the extradition request. He has not been charged. The defence argues that the sexual behaviour would not amount to rape and sexual assault in English law, and that the European arrest warrant against him was invalid.
But Clare Montgomery QC, for the Swedish prosecutor, said of Miss A's account: "In popular language, that's violence." The account given by Miss B, meanwhile, "would undoubtedly be rape here. If you penetrate a sleeping woman there's an evidential assumption that she did not consent."
The defence had unsuccessfully sought an adjournment following remarks this week by the Swedish prime minister, Fredrik Reinfeldt, in which, Robertson said, he had vilified Assange as "public enemy number one" in Sweden and created a "toxic atmosphere" against him.
Reinfeldt is reported to have said that Assange's defence team had patronised Swedes by criticising its legal system. "What worries me is that [Assange's lawyers] are trying to shy away from the fact that there exist allegations that are very serious," he told Swedish channel TV4.
Montgomery said the prime minister was responding in part to media briefings given by Assange and his lawyers outside court. "You may think that those who seek to fan the flames of a media firestorm can't be too surprised when they get burnt."
Robertson, summing up, restated the defence argument that the Swedish prosecutor, Marianne Ny, was not authorised to issue the warrant for his extradition, and that the warrant sought Assange for interrogation rather than prosecution, which the defence says is illegal.
The Swedish practice of hearing rape trials in secret, he said, was "antipathetic to the British rule of law that justice must be seen to be done".
Montgomery said the use of the word "secret" was "a parody", arguing that while evidence at rape trials was heard in private, legal arguments and judgment were public.
Outside court, Assange, who said that Montgomery had represented the former Chilean president Augusto Pinochet at an extradition hearing told reporters: "We have not been able to present my side of the story. I have never been able to present my side of the story."
He hoped his case would highlight "abuses" suffered by others who did not benefit from the same media spotlight.
The parties will return to court on 24 February, when the district judge, Howard Riddle, will deliver his judgment

High Flow Range Mass Coriolis Flow Meter

Ideal for the measurement of flow, density and temperature of liquids and slurries, such as aggressive or contaminated, sanitary or particle-filled fluids. Features: Flow ranges from 60 to 60K Kg/Hr (2.2 to 1650 lb/min) Accuracy up to 0.25% of reading Materials: flow tubes - 316 L, splitter flanges - 316 Ti, housing - cast iron Process temperature -40°F to 356°F Ambient temperature -40°F to 140°F Wide flow ranges ACCURATE AND RELIABLEThis meter has the ability to maintain high accuracy, despite changing viscosity conditions, with accuracy of +0.25% of reading. EASY CLEANING The ACM series has smooth stainless steel tubes and no moving parts, and is therefore very easy to flush and clean. MULTI-TASKING The ACM series of mass coriolis flow meters measure flow, density and temperature. MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY Because of the meter's 316 stainless steel flow tubes, the ACM series can measure a wide range of materials. VARIETY OF ELECTRONICS Electronics available for the ACM series include a local, hazardous rated display and a remote, panel-mount digital display

VSEP

VSEP Membrane Cleaners In addition to filtration systems, New Logic manufactures a complete line of chemical cleaners designed to maintain maximum flow rates in all VSEP applications.Years of exhaustive research and development by New Logic engineers have resulted in seven chemical cleaners formulated to attack the most stubborn foulants across a wide range of membranes and feed streams.While designed for VSEP membrane filtration systems, these advanced formulas are perfect for cleaning any membrane.To learn more about VSEP Advanced Cleaning Solutions, please choose a link below to visit our sister site While membrane-based separations of liquids from solids have enjoyed increasing popularity over the last 20 years, the technology has an inherent Achilles heel that affects all membrane devices: fouling. This long-term loss in throughput capacity is due primarily to the formation of a boundary layer that builds up naturally on the membranes surface during the filtration process.In addition to cutting down on the flux performance of the membrane, this boundary or gel layer acts as a secondary membrane reducing the native design selectivity of the membrane in use.EMERYVILLE, Calif. and IPSWICH, Australia, Sept. 21 /PRNewswire/ -- New Logic Research, Inc., the maker of VSEP, the vibrating membrane filtration system, announced today its participation in the official commissioning ceremony for the Australian Hardboards Water Recycling Plant in Queensland, Australia.On hand for the ceremony were members of the Australian Hardboards and New Logic executive team, as well as numerous business leaders and local officials, including Cr. Paul Pisasale, the mayor of Ipswich.The wastewater treatment and recovery system, which combines seven i84 VSEP nanofiltration membrane modules, recovers wastewater for reuse within the plant. The system, which is capable of processing approximately 200,000 gallons per day, runs continuously automated by a programmable logic controller (PLC).According to New Logic CEO Greg Johnson, "VSEP is fast becoming accepted as the best available technology for tough wastewater treatment applications in Australia. The Australian Hardboards installation represents our second Australian installation in as many months; still more will be coming online within the next year. We were honored to be a part of the ceremony, and to show our commitment to helping to solve the Australian water shortage problem."New Logic International Sales Manager Melysa Reiss adds, "The paradox of Australia's decreasing water resources and increasing industrial demand requires innovative technologies to bridge the gap. We are proud to have the opportunity to do just that for Australian Hardboards and other firms throughout the continent."Water shortage caused by drought and increased populations has created a crisis in many parts of Australia. Water supply levels have fallen to 30% of normal, and continue to drop. Local water districts have implemented severe water restrictions to try to stop the drop in supply levels. Brisbane is currently at a Level 4 water restriction that requires mandatory conservation. By recycling its wastewater and reducing its fresh water intake using the VSEP system, AHL has conserved the equivalent of 2000 homes worth of water supply per year. This example of water conservation is being used as a showpiece for other industries to follow.About New Logic Research, Inc.Headquartered in Emeryville, California, New Logic Research is the leading provider of high-performance membrane filtration systems used in a wide variety of applications from pure water and wastewater treatment to chemical process clarifications. Founded in 1987, New Logic has grown to meet the needs of its ever-expanding customer base, which includes major corporations from around the World. Today, New Logic provides a breadth of products and services for pure water and wastewater treatment, industrial and chemical processing, power, pulp and paper, oil and gas production and processing, paint and pigments and electronics industries. For more information

Introduction

Forging is the process by which metal is heated and is shaped by plastic deformation by suitably applying compressive force. Usually the compressive force is in the form of hammer blows using a power hammer or a press.
Forging refines the grain structure and improves physical properties of the metal. With proper design, the grain flow can be oriented in the direction of principal stresses encountered in actual use. Grain flow is the direction of the pattern that the crystals take during plastic deformation. Physical properties (such as strength, ductility and toughness) are much better in a forging than in the base metal, which has, crystals randomly oriented.

Forgings are consistent from piece to piece, without any of the porosity, voids, inclusions and other defects. Thus, finishing operations such as machining do not expose voids, because there aren't any. Also coating operations such as plating or painting are straightforward due to a good surface, which needs very little preparation.
Forgings yield parts that have high strength to weight ratio-thus are often used in the design of aircraft frame members.
A Forged metal can result in the following

Open Die Forging

Open Die Forging
Open die forging involves the shaping of heated metal parts between a top die attached to a ram and a bottom die attached to a hammer anvil or press bed. Metal parts are worked above their recrystallization temperatures-ranging from 1900°F to 2400°F for steel-and gradually shaped into the desired configuration through the skillful hammering or pressing of the work piece.

While impression or closed die forging confines the metal in dies, open die forging is distinguished by the fact that the metal is never completely confined or restrained in the dies. Most open die forgings are produced on flat dies. However, round swaging dies, V-dies, mandrels, pins and loose tools are also used depending on the desired part configuration and its size.

Although the open die forging process is often associated with larger, simpler-shaped parts such as bars, blanks, rings, hollows or spindles, in fact it can be considered the ultimate option in "custom-designed" metal components. High-strength, long-life parts optimized in terms of both mechanical properties and structural integrity are today produced in sizes that range from a few pounds to hundreds of tons in weight. In addition, advanced forge shops now offer shapes that were never before thought capable of being produced by the open die forging process.

Kara kutu bedir nasıl çalışır

Kara kutular kullanıldıkları uçaklara göre farklılıklar gösterirler.En detaylı kayıt büyük yolcu uçaklarında yapılır.Küçük bir uçakta kaydedilebilecek parametre sayısı ve çözünürlükleri uçağın kullanıcı sınıfına göre değişir.2 kişilik akrobasi uçağında kaydedilebilecek veriler 15-20 arasında değişir.Bu konuda referans olarak SEA AS8039A dökümanı referans alınabilir.Büyük uçaklarda ise 88 temel parametre vardır.Bu  parametrelerin türetilmesi ile bir uçakta toplam kaydedilebilecek bilgi belli olur.
Yolcu uçaklarında bu kriter sayısı 250 ye yaklaşabilir.Bu veriler bir kaza olması sonucu incelenir ve kazanın nedeni bulunur.Örneğin pilotun motor gücünü arttırdığı güç kolunun herhangi bir değeri motor gücü değeri ile değilse güç kolu ve motor bağlantısı kopmuştur diye yorumlanabilir.Bu bilgiler kokpit ses kayıtları ile kıyaslanarak emin olunur.Şayet arıza fark edilmişse pilot bunu yere indirmeye çalışarak , bu konuşmalar kara kutuya kaydedilecektir.

      Bu kayıtlar sadece  kaza durumunda değil , aynı zamanda bir öğrenci pilotun uçuş performansını değerlendirmede de incelenebilir.

Ne kadar sağlamdır?

    1.  Kara kutu 3 eksende aynı anda 1000g.lık yarı dalga sinüs biçimli çarpmaya dayanıklı olmalıdır.

    2.  Kara kutu en zayıf olduğu eksende 6.5 milisaniye boyunca 1700 glık yarı dalga sinüs biçimli çarpmaya dayanıklı olmalıdır.

    3.  Kara kutu 0.05 inch2lik bir alanda 250kglik ani bir baskıya dayanabilir.

    4.  18 inch derinliğinde kumun altında çalışabilir.

    5.  1100 derece santigrat sıcaklıkta yarım saat çalışabilir.

    6.  3 metre derinliğinde  suyun içerisinde 30 gün çalışabilir.

       Yukarıda verdiğimiz maddeler kara kutunun kullanım izni almadan evvel geçtiği testlerden bazılarıdır.Bu testlerden geçmeyen bir kara kutunun bir uçağa takılması izin verilmez.Bunlar dışında daha pek çok test uygulanmaktadır.

Piramitler nasıl yapıldı

Mısır Piramitleri, Mısır’da yer alan eski piramit şekilli yapılardır. Mısır’da 100’den fazla piramit vardır. Piramitlerin çoğu Eski Krallık döneminden Orta Krallık Dönemi’ne kadar firavunların mezarı için inşa edilmiştir. Piramitleri’nin en büyüğü olan Keops Piramidi şu ana kadar zarar görmeden ayakta duran Dünya’nın Yedi Harikası’ndan biri olarak görülmektedir.Keops Piramiti 145,75 metredir.
   
Keops’un ardından Kefren ve Mikerinos tarafından yaptırılan öbür ünlü iki piramit, ilkine göre daha küçüktür.Her üç piramit de yağmalanmış oldukları için içlerindeki eşyaların çoğu kaybolmuştur.

   Kutsal sayılan ölmüş krala armağanların sunulduğu bir tapınağı da içeren Basamaklı Piramit ve ek yapıları geniş bir duvarla çevrelenmiştir. 60 metre yüksekliğinde olan ve kireç taşından yapılan bu piramit Eski Mısır’ın en güzel anıtlarından biridir.


PİRAMİTLER  HAKKINDA BAZI GERÇEKLER…

•       Piramitlerin hala bazı odalarının içinde ne olduğu hakkında bir bilgi edinilememektedir.
•       Piramitlerin içi yazın soğuk kışın sıcak olur.
•       Büyük Piramit'in açıları, Nil’in delta yöresini iki eşit parçaya bölerler.
•       Piramit dev bir güneş saatidir. Ekim ortasıyla Mart başı arasında düşürdüğü gölgeler mevsimleri ve yılın uzunluğunu gösterirler.
•       Bitkiler Piramit'in içinde daha hızlı büyürler.
•       Kesik, yanık, sıyrık gibi yaralar büyükçe bir Piramit'in içinde daha çabuk iyileşme eğilimi gösterir.
•       Büyük Piramit, dünyanın kara kitlesinin merkezinde yer alıyor.

     
Gize’den geçen boylam, dünyanın denizleriyle anakaralarını iki eşit parçaya böler. Bu boylam ayrıca,kara üstünden geçen en uzun kuzey-güney yönlü boylam olup,bütün yer kürenin uzunluğuna ölçümünde doğal sıfır noktasını oluşturur.

      Piramitler hala yapımları esnasında ki gizi korumaktalar. İşçilerin olağanüstü bir çabayla günde 10 metreküp taşı üst üste koyduklarını kabul edersek Keops piramidinde yer alan yaklaşık 2.5 milyon metreküp taş, 250.000 gün, yani yaklaşık 664 yılda yerleştirilebiliyor. Oysa piramitler 20 ila 30 yıl arasında bir sürede tamamlanmıştır.